ISLAMIC REFORMIST MOVEMENT OF HAJI SULONG ABDUL KADIR IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN THAILAND’S SOUTHERN BORDER
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Published:
Nov 1, 2020
Keywords:
Islamic education, southern Thailand, Islamic reformers, state, separatists
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Abstract
The development of Islamic education in southern Thailand has been in the spotlight of researchers in the last decade in efforts to establish a national education, although this study is still less attractive. The existence of Pondok schools as Islamic educational institutions is considered to have mobilized separatist movements and the authority of traditional Malay Muslim elites to fight for territory. The existence of the Malay rulers with their authority in the fields of religion and culture made traditional Islamic education deeply rooted in the southern Thailand region. Muslims in the southern province are allegedly a monolithic entity whose existence constructs the institutionalization of Thailand as a state, thus opening up space for separatist seeds that emerge from Islamic educational institutions. The existence of Islamic reformers such as Haji Sulong Abdul Kadir is strong evidence that his movement is treading the religious and cultural field in the process of reviving the institutionalization of Islamic education in Southern Thailand. The establishment of Madrasah al-Ma'arif al-Wataniah Fatani as a forum for Haji Sulong Abdul Kadir to fight for reforms in Islamic education institutions, despite strong opposition from the state and the authority of the traditional Malay Muslim elite but ultimately the principles of reform were realized even though the reformers had died and the madrasa was closed.
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References
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Witte, Johanna. “Education in Thailand After the Crisis: A Balancing Act Between Globalization and National Self-Contemplation.” International Journal of Educational Development 20, no. 3 (May 1, 2000): 223–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0738-0593(99)00059-0.
Yusoff, Zurita Mohd, Hasanulddin Mohd, Farah Amalina Md Nawi, Normadiah Daud, and Rahimah Embong. “Analysis on Methods of Determining Halal or Haram of Animals to Be Eaten According to Syeikh Abdul Malik Bin Abdullah in His Kitab Al-Kifayah.” In Contemporary Issues and Development in the Global Halal Industry, edited by Siti Khadijah Ab. Manan, Fadilah Abd Rahman, and Mardhiyyah Sahri, 301–11. Singapore: Springer, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1452-9_28.
Yusuf, Imtiyaz. “The Role of the Chularajamontri (Shaykh Al-Islam) in Resolving Ethno-Religious Conflict in Southern Thailand.” American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 27, no. 1 (November 2, 2010).
Zakaria, Abdul Rahim Mohamed. “Legacy of Haji Sulong in Contemporary Separatist Struggle in Thailand’s Restive South,” 2005. https://dr.ntu.edu.sg//handle/10356/14380.
Anwar, Syamsul. “Fatwā, Purification and Dynamization: A Study of Tarjīh in Muhammadiyah.” Islamic Law and Society 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 27–44. https://doi.org/10.1163/1568519053123894.
Aree, S. “The Religious Geography of Thailand’s Malay Southern Provinces: Revisiting the Impact of South Asian and Middle Eastern Transnational Islamic Movements.” Sojourn 35, no. 2 (2020): 343–63. https://doi.org/10.1355/sj35-2f.
Azra, Azyumardi. The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia: Networks of Malay-Indonesian and Middle Eastern “Ulama” in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2004.
Bajunid, Omar Farouk. Islam, Nationalism, and the Thai State. Chiang Mai: Dynamic Diversity in Southern Thailand, 2005.
Forbes, Andrew D. W. “Thailand’s Muslim Minorities: Assimilation, Secession, or Coexistence?” Asian Survey 22, no. 11 (October 1, 1953): 1056–73. https://doi.org/10.2307/2643979.
Harrison, Rachel V., and Peter A. Jackson. The Ambiguous Allure of the West: Traces of the Colonial in Thailand. USA: Cornell University Press, 2018.
Hayimasae, Numan. “Hj Sulong Abdul Kadir (1895–1954): Perjuangan Dan Sumbangan Beliau Kepada Masyarakat Melayu Patani.” Master’s Thesis, Universiti Sains Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2002.
Kadir bin Che Man, Wan. “Muslim Separatism: The Moros in Southern Philippines and the Malays in Southern Thailand.” ANU Press, 1987. https://doi.org/10.25911/5d78d7a3a37c7.
Kosonen, Kimmo, and Kirk R. Person. “Languages, Identities and Education in Thailand.” In Language, Education and Nation-Building: Assimilation and Shift in Southeast Asia, edited by Peter Sercombe and Ruanni Tupas, 200–231. Palgrave Studies in Minority Languages and Communities. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137455536_11.
Liow, J. “Islamic Education in Southern Thailand: Negotiating Islam, Identity, and Modernity.” Making Modern Muslims, no. Query date: 2021-01-17 12:56:35 (2009): 141–71.
Liow, J. C. “Religious Education and Reformist Islam in Thailand’s Southern Border Provinces: The Roles of Haji Sulong Abdul Kadir and Ismail Lutfi Japakiya.” Journal of Islamic Studies 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 29–58. https://doi.org/10.1093/jis/etp026.
Madmarn, Hasan. The Pondok & Madrasah in Patani. Malaysia: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 1999.
Maxwell, William George, and William Sumner Gibson. Treaties and Engagements Affecting the Malay States and Borneo. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1924.
Milner, A. “Islam and Malay Kingship.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 113, no. 1 (1981): 46–70. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0035869X00136834.
Montesano, Michael John, and Patrick Jory. Thai South and Malay North: Ethnic Interactions on a Plural Peninsula. Australia: NUS Press, 2008.
Mustajab, Mohd Sarim. Gerakan Islah Islamiyyah Di Tanah Melayu 1906 Hingga 1948 in Malaysia: Sejarah an Proses Pembangunan. Kuala Lumpur: United Selangor Press, 1979.
Peacock, James L. Purifying the Faith: The Muhammadijah Movement in Indonesian Islam. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2017. https://muse.jhu.edu/book/57280.
Pitsuwan, Surin. “Islam and Malay Nationalism.” Bangkok: Thai Khadi Institute, Thammasat University, 1985.
Porath, Nathan. “The ‘Hikayat Patani’: The Kingdom of Patani in the Malay and Thai Political World.” Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 84, no. 2 (301) (2011): 45–65.
Potolsky, Matthew. “Mimesis.” The Encyclopedia of Literary and Cultural Theory, Major Reference Works, December 24, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444337839.wbelctv1m005.
Rahim, Professor Rahimin Affandi Abd. “Traditionalism and Reformism Polemic in Malay–Muslim Religious Literature.” Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 93–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/09596410500400090.
Riddell, Peter G. Islam and the Malay-Indonesian World: Transmission and Responses. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2001.
Roff, William R. The Origins of Malay Nationalism. USA: Oxford University Press, 1994.
———. The Origins of Malay Nationalism, 1900-1941. Australia: ANU Press, 1965.
Subrahmanyan, Arjun. “Education, Propaganda, and the People: Democratic Paternalism in 1930s Siam.” Modern Asian Studies 49, no. 4 (July 2015): 1122–42. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X14000523.
Syukri, Ibrahim. History of the Malay Kingdom of Patani / Ibrahim Syukri. Athens (Ohio): Ohio University Center for International Studies Center for Southeast Asian Studies, 1986. http://melayu.library.uitm.edu.my/2708/.
Witte, Johanna. “Education in Thailand After the Crisis: A Balancing Act Between Globalization and National Self-Contemplation.” International Journal of Educational Development 20, no. 3 (May 1, 2000): 223–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0738-0593(99)00059-0.
Yusoff, Zurita Mohd, Hasanulddin Mohd, Farah Amalina Md Nawi, Normadiah Daud, and Rahimah Embong. “Analysis on Methods of Determining Halal or Haram of Animals to Be Eaten According to Syeikh Abdul Malik Bin Abdullah in His Kitab Al-Kifayah.” In Contemporary Issues and Development in the Global Halal Industry, edited by Siti Khadijah Ab. Manan, Fadilah Abd Rahman, and Mardhiyyah Sahri, 301–11. Singapore: Springer, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1452-9_28.
Yusuf, Imtiyaz. “The Role of the Chularajamontri (Shaykh Al-Islam) in Resolving Ethno-Religious Conflict in Southern Thailand.” American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 27, no. 1 (November 2, 2010).
Zakaria, Abdul Rahim Mohamed. “Legacy of Haji Sulong in Contemporary Separatist Struggle in Thailand’s Restive South,” 2005. https://dr.ntu.edu.sg//handle/10356/14380.